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Lindsey Geiger
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PCA Roadmap Bibliography

Decarbonated Raw Materials


  1. Concrete Carbon: A Guideline for Specifying Low Carbon Ready Mixed Concrete in Ontario (p.1-65). (2022). Concrete Ontario.
  2. CSA A3000-18 Cementitious materials compendium: A3001-18—Cementitious materials for use in concrete (CSA A3000-18). (2018). CSA Group.
  3. EN 197-1 Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. (2011).
  4. European Cement Research Academy, Editors. (2022). ECRA Technology Papers 2022—State of the Art Cement Manufacturing—Current Technologies and their Future Development. ERCA.
  5. PCA Market Intelligence. (2021). Labor-Energy Input Survey. Portland Cement Association.
  6. Sustainable Manufacturing Fact Sheet: Iron and Steel Byproducts (IS326). (2005). Portland Cement Association (PCA).
  7. Top 10 Ways to Reduce Concrete’s Carbon Footprint. (2022). NRMCA.
  8. Wilson, M. L., & Tennis, P. D. (2021). Design and control of concrete mixtures (17th edition). Portland Cement Association.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Increasing Alternative Fuels / Decreasing Fossil Fuels


  1. Biomass burn characteristics [Factsheet]. (2011). Ontario.ca
  2. Cao, Z., Masanet, E., Tiwari, A., & Akolawala, S. (2021). Decarbonizing concrete: Deep decarbonization pathways for the cement and concrete cycle in the United States, India, and China (pp. 1–103). Industrial Sustainablity Analysis Lab, Northwestern University.
  3. European Cement Research Academy, Editors. (2022). ECRA Technology Papers 2022—State of the Art Cement Manufacturing—Current Technologies and their Future Development. ERCA.
  4. Government Affairs. (2023). Alternative Fuels [One-Pager]. Portland Cement Association (PCA).
  5. Hasanbeigi, A., & Bhadbhade, N. (2023). Emissions Impacts of Alternative Fuels Combustion in the Cement Industry (pp. 1–46). Global Efficiency Intelligence.
  6. Tire Derived Fuel. (2019, October 3). [Newsletter]. Scrap Tire News.
  7. Tire-Derived Fuel. (n.d.). [Business]. Renelux Commodities.
  8. Townsend, J. (2019, September 3). On Terrible Traffic Tuesday Traffic Volume Will Once Again Continue To Increase On Key Segments of I-270 and Capital Beltway. AAA.
  9. Turning Agricultural Residues and Manure into Bioenergy [Fact Sheet]. (2014). Union of Concerned Scientists.
  10. Wilson, M. L., & Tennis, P. D. (2021). Design and control of concrete mixtures (17th edition). Portland Cement Association.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Push Efficiency


  1. Bhatty, Javed I., Miller, F. MacGregor., Kosmatka, Steven H., & Bohan, Richard P. (2011). Innovations in Portland Cement Manufacturing: ... (2nd ed., 1–2). Portland Cement Association (PCA).
  2. Bivens, J. (2019). Updated employment multipliers for the U.S. economy (Brief 160282; p. 29). Economic Policy Institute.
  3. Cao, Z., Masanet, E., Tiwari, A., & Akolawala, S. (2021). Decarbonizing concrete: Deep decarbonization pathways for the cement and concrete cycle in the United States, India, and China (pp. 1–103). Industrial Sustainablity Analysis Lab, Northwestern University.
  4. ENERGY STAR Focus on Energy Efficiency in Cement Manufacturing. (n.d.). Energy Star.
  5. Energy Star Industrial Partners Meeting & AEE World Conference. (2023, October 23). AEE WORLD | Energy Conference & Expo.
  6. European Cement Research Academy, Editors. (2022). ECRA Technology Papers 2022—State of the Art Cement Manufacturing—Current Technologies and their Future Development. ERCA.
  7. Goldman, S., Majsztrik, P., Rojas, I. S., Gavvalapalli, M., Gaikwad, R., Feric, T., Visconti, K., & McMurtry, B. (2023). Pathway to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (pp. 1–79) [Government]. U.S. Department of Energy.
  8. Portland Cement Association. (2023). Cement and Concrete 101 [Video]. Portland Cement Association (PCA).
  9. PCA Market Intelligence. (2021). Labor-Energy Input Survey. Portland Cement Association.
  10. Schneider, M. (2015). Process technology for efficient and sustainable cement production. Cement and Concrete Research, 78, Part A(December 2015), 14–23.
  11. Worrell, E., Kermeli, K., & Galitsky, C. (2013). Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities for Cement Making: An ENERGY STAR® Guide for Energy and Plant Managers. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Carbon Capture, Utilization, & Storage (CCUS)


  1. Achieving Carbon Neutrality in the California Cement Industry Key Barriers and Policy Solutions (2nd edition; p. 44). (2023). California Nevada Cement Association.
  2. Cao, Z., Masanet, E., Tiwari, A., & Akolawala, S. (2021). Decarbonizing concrete: Deep decarbonization pathways for the cement and concrete cycle in the United States, India, and China (pp. 1–103). Industrial Sustainablity Analysis Lab, Northwestern University.
  3. Global Cement and Concrete Association. (2023, October 10). CCUS Handbook Webinar [Webinar]. GCCA Webinar.
  4. Goldman, S., Majsztrik, P., Rojas, I. S., Gavvalapalli, M., Gaikwad, R., Feric, T., Visconti, K., & McMurtry, B. (2023). Pathway to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (pp. 1–79) [Government]. U.S. Department of Energy.
  5. Government Affairs. (2023a). Carbon Capture [One-Pager]. Portland Cement Association (PCA).
  6. Portland Cement Association. (2023). Cement and Concrete 101 [Video]. Portland Cement Association (PCA).
  7. Hamrin, S. (2019). Method and plant for CO2 capture (United States Patent US10391447B2).
  8. Howarth, J. (2023, December 14). How Many People Own Smartphones? (2024-2029). Exploding Topics.
  9. Kearns, D., Tamme, E., Staib, C., Zhang, T., Burrows, J., Gillespie, A., Havercroft, I., Rassool, D., Consoli, C., & Liu, H. (2021). Global Status of CCS 2021: CCS Accelerating to Net Zero (p. 43) [Global Status Report]. Global CCS Institute.
  10. National Bureau of Economic Research. (2012). Increases in Telephone Wire Mileage for United States [A02F4AUSA227NNBR] (a02134a) [dataset]. National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Macrohistory Database.
  11. Suter, J., Ramsey, B., Warner, T., Vactor, R. (Taylor), & Noack, C. (2022). The Carbon Capture, Transport, and Storage Supply Chain Deep Dive Assessment: U.S. Department of Energy Response to Executive Order 14017, “America’s Supply Chains” (DOE/OP-0001; p. 81). U.S. Department of Energy.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Leveraging Cement Blends


  1. Achieving Carbon Neutrality in the California Cement Industry Key Barriers and Policy Solutions (2nd edition; p. 44). (2023). California Nevada Cement Association.
  2. Cao, Z., Masanet, E., Tiwari, A., & Akolawala, S. (2021). Decarbonizing concrete: Deep decarbonization pathways for the cement and concrete cycle in the United States, India, and China (pp. 1–103). Industrial Sustainablity Analysis Lab, Northwestern University.
  3. Global Cement and Concrete Association. (2023, October 10). CCUS Handbook Webinar [Webinar]. GCCA Webinar.
  4. Goldman, S., Majsztrik, P., Rojas, I. S., Gavvalapalli, M., Gaikwad, R., Feric, T., Visconti, K., & McMurtry, B. (2023). Pathway to Commercial Liftoff: Low-Carbon Cement (pp. 1–79) [Government]. U.S. Department of Energy.
  5. Government Affairs. (2023a). Carbon Capture [One-Pager]. Portland Cement Association (PCA).
  6. Portland Cement Association. (2023). Cement and Concrete 101 [Video]. Portland Cement Association (PCA).
  7. Hamrin, S. (2019). Method and plant for CO2 capture (United States Patent US10391447B2).
  8. Howarth, J. (2023, December 14). How Many People Own Smartphones? (2024-2029). Exploding Topics.
  9. Kearns, D., Tamme, E., Staib, C., Zhang, T., Burrows, J., Gillespie, A., Havercroft, I., Rassool, D., Consoli, C., & Liu, H. (2021). Global Status of CCS 2021: CCS Accelerating to Net Zero (p. 43) [Global Status Report]. Global CCS Institute.
  10. National Bureau of Economic Research. (2012). Increases in Telephone Wire Mileage for United States [A02F4AUSA227NNBR] (a02134a) [dataset]. National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Macrohistory Database.
  11. Suter, J., Ramsey, B., Warner, T., Vactor, R. (Taylor), & Noack, C. (2022). The Carbon Capture, Transport, and Storage Supply Chain Deep Dive Assessment: U.S. Department of Energy Response to Executive Order 14017, “America’s Supply Chains” (DOE/OP-0001; p. 81). U.S. Department of Energy.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Reducing Direct Emissions


  1. Anonymous. (2013). Solar array positions Shea Concrete plant for net-zero operation. Concrete Products, 116(10), 18.
  2. Anonymous. (2020). O&G Industries ups solar power sourcing in tandem with Energy Star pilot. Concrete Products, 123(6), 22.
  3. Anonymous. (2022, July 14). CEMEX USA adds low-emission natural gas trucks to Southern California fleet. CEMEX Press Release.
  4. Aragones, M. P., & Serafimova, T. (2018). Zero Emission Construction Sites: The possibilities and barriers of electric construction machinery [Factsheet]. Bellona Europa.
  5. Bebon, J. (2017, October 24). Large CNG-Powered Concrete Mixer Fleet Rolls Out in Southern California. NGT News.
  6. eva.kultje@thomasconcretegroup.com. (2022). Team Thomas Sustainablity Report 2022 (Team Thomas Sustainablity Reports, pp. 1–43). Thomas Concrete Group.
  7. Jason Mathers. (2015, March 24). Green Freight Math: How to Calculate Emissions for a Truck Move. Environmental Defense Fund | Business.
  8. JSW Cement pilots electric cement trucks in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. (2023, October 2). Global Cement News, 16380.
  9. Moseman, A., & Paltsev, S. (2022, October 13). Are electric vehicles definitely better for the climate than gas-powered cars? | MIT Climate Portal. Ask MIT Climate.
  10. Mullholland, A., Ackerman, C., Astle, P., Drewniok, M., Dunster, A., Hibbert, A., MacDonald, M., Inman, R., Kershaw, R., Martin, B., McCague, C., Price, C., & Thompson, G. (2023). Low Carbon Concrete Routemap: Setting the Agenda for a Path to Net Zero (pp. 1–41). Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), Low Carbon Concrete Group; The Green Construction Board.
  11. National Ready Mix Invests in CNG Truck Fleet for Vernon, Irwindale CA Batch Plants. (n.d.). [Business]. The National Cement Company, Inc.
  12. Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Renewable Energy [Government]. Energy.Gov. 
  13. Rickson, S. (2020, October 12). CNG Concrete Truck Benefits. Ozinga Energy.
  14. Semi: The Future of Trucking is Electric. (2023). [Business]. Tesla.
  15. Tomlinson, M. (2023, February 16). Volvo Trucks delivers the first heavy-duty FMX electric concrete mixer to CEMEX [Press Release] [Business]. Volvo UK.
  16. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.). All-Electric Vehicles [Government]. FuelEconomy.Gov.
  17. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2023, June 30). Electricity Explained: Electricity in the U.S. [Govenment]. Eia.
  18. Volvo Trucks delivers the first heavy-duty electric concrete mixer truck to CEMEX [Press Release]. (2023, February 10). Volvo.
  19. What is CNG? (n.d.). [Business]. Ozinga.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Optimize Concrete Mixes


  1. Anonymous. (2013). Solar array positions Shea Concrete plant for net zero operation. Concrete Products, 116(10), 18.
  2. Anonymous. (2020). O&G Industries ups solar power sourcing in tandem with Energy Star pilot. Concrete Products, 123(6), 22.
  3. Anonymous. (2022, July 14). CEMEX USA adds low-emission natural gas trucks to Southern California fleet. CEMEX Press Release.
  4. Aragones, M. P., & Serafimova, T. (2018). Zero Emission Construction Sites: The possibilities and barriers of electric construction machinery [Factsheet]. Bellona Europa.
  5. Bebon, J. (2017, October 24). Large CNG-Powered Concrete Mixer Fleet Rolls Out in Southern California. NGT News.
  6. Kultje, E. (2022). Team Thomas Sustainablity Report 2022 (Team Thomas Sustainablity Reports, pp. 1–43). Thomas Concrete Group.
  7. Jason Mathers. (2015, March 24). Green Freight Math: How to Calculate Emissions for a Truck Move. Environmental Defense Fund | Business.
  8. JSW Cement pilots electric cement trucks in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. (2023, October 2). Global Cement News, 16380.
  9. Moseman, A., & Paltsev, S. (2022, October 13). Are electric vehicles definitely better for the climate than gas-powered cars? MIT Climate Portal : Ask MIT Climate.
  10. Mullholland, A., Ackerman, C., Astle, P., Drewniok, M., Dunster, A., Hibbert, A., MacDonald, M., Inman, R., Kershaw, R., Martin, B., McCague, C., Price, C., & Thompson, G. (2023). Low Carbon Concrete Routemap: Setting the Agenda for a Path to Net Zero (pp. 1–41). Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), Low Carbon Concrete Group; The Green Construction Board.
  11. National Ready Mix Invests in CNG Truck Fleet for Vernon, Irwindale CA Batch Plants. (n.d.). [Business]. The National Cement Company, Inc.
  12. Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Renewable Energy [Government]. Energy.Gov.
  13. Rickson, S. (2020, October 12). CNG Concrete Truck Benefits. Ozinga Energy.
  14. Semi: The Future of Trucking is Electric. (2023). [Business]. Tesla.
  15. Tomlinson, M. (2023, February 16). Volvo Trucks delivers the first heavy-duty FMX electric concrete mixer to CEMEX [Press Release] [Business]. Volvo UK.
  16. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.). All-Electric Vehicles [Government]. FuelEconomy.Gov.
  17. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2023, June 30). Electricity Explained: Electricity in the U.S. [Govenment]. Eia.
  18. Volvo Trucks delivers the first heavy-duty electric concrete mixer truck to CEMEX [Press Release]. (2023, February 10). [Business]. Volvo.
  19. What is CNG? (n.d.). [Business]. Ozinga.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Reduce Overdesign


  1. Bowles, W., Cheslak, K., & Edelson, J. (2022). Lifecycle GHG Impacts in Building Codes (Codes for Climate, pp. 1–24). New Buildings Institute.
  2. CP Staff. (2023, October 9). Marcotte applies AI to optimize mix production, reduce material waste. Concrete Products, October.
  3. ECOPact Low-Carbon Concrete. (2023). Holcim US.
  4. Low Carbon Concrete: Challenges and Opportunities [Webinar Recording]. (2023, October 18).
  5. Mullholland, A., Ackerman, C., Astle, P., Drewniok, M., Dunster, A., Hibbert, A., MacDonald, M., Inman, R., Kershaw, R., Martin, B., McCague, C., Price, C., & Thompson, G. (2023). Low Carbon Concrete Routemap: Setting the Agenda for a Path to Net Zero (pp. 1–41). Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), Low Carbon Concrete Group; The Green Construction Board.
  6. Top 10 Ways to Reduce Concrete’s Carbon Footprint. (2022). NRMCA.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Construction


  1. Assesses Tradeoffs for Embodied and Operational Carbon in Designing Equivalent Buildings with Various Structures. (2023, October 26). [Webinar]. MIT CSHub, Massachussetts Institute of Technology.
  2. Bowles, W., Cheslak, K., & Edelson, J. (2022). Lifecycle GHG Impacts in Building Codes (Codes for Climate, pp. 1–24). New Buildings Institute.
  3. Cao, Z., Masanet, E., Tiwari, A., & Akolawala, S. (2021). Decarbonizing concrete: Deep decarbonization pathways for the cement and concrete cycle in the United States, India, and China (pp. 1–103). Industrial Sustainablity Analysis Lab, Northwestern University.
  4. Comparison of embodied carbon in concrete structural systems. (2022). MPA The Concrete Centre.
  5. Hill, S., Dalzell, A., & Allwood, M. (2020). Net Zero Carbon Buildings Three Steps to Take Now. ARUP.
  6. Mahood, C. (2017). How much does a skyscraper weigh? Quora.
  7. Mullholland, A., Ackerman, C., Astle, P., Drewniok, M., Dunster, A., Hibbert, A., MacDonald, M., Inman, R., Kershaw, R., Martin, B., McCague, C., Price, C., & Thompson, G. (2023). Low Carbon Concrete Routemap: Setting the Agenda for a Path to Net Zero (pp. 1–41). Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), Low Carbon Concrete Group; The Green Construction Board.
  8. Olsson, J. A., Miller, S. A., & Alexander, M. G. (2023). Near-term pathways for decarbonizing global concrete production. Nature Communications, 14(1), Article 1.
  9. Scrivener, K. L., John, V. M., & Gartner, E. M. (2018). Eco-efficient cements: Potential economically viable solutions for a low-CO2 cement-based materials industry. Cement and Concrete Research, 114, 2–26.
  10. Top 10 Ways to Reduce Concrete’s Carbon Footprint. (2022). NRMCA.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Carbon Uptake


  1. Abed, M., & Nemes, R. (2019). Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Self-Compacting High Strength Concrete Utilizing Waste Fly Ash, Cellular Concrete and Perlite Powders. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, 63(1), Article 1.
  2. Akbarian, M., Ulm, F. J., Xu, X., Kirchain, R., Gregory, J., Louhghalam, A., & Mack, J. (2019). Overview of Pavement Life Cycle Assessment Use Phase Research at the MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub. Airfield and Highway Pavements 2019: Innovation and Sustainability in Highway and Airfield Pavement Technology - Selected Papers from the International Airfield and Highway Pavements Conference 2019, 193–206.
  3. Aragones, M. P., & Serafimova, T. (2018). Zero Emission Construction Sites: The possibilities and barriers of electric construction machinery [Factsheet]. Bellona Europa.
  4. Ashraf, M., Bocca, R., Havard, M., Low, J., Rabley, D., Sharma, P., Fuselli, L., Mehlum, E., Singh, H. V., Denmark, L., Howlett, M., & Turner, O. (2022). The Net-Zero Industry Tracker: An interactive guide for executives. World Economic Forum.
  5. Assesses Tradeoffs for Embodied and Operational Carbon in Designing Equivalent Buildings with Various Structures. (2023, October 26). [Webinar]. MIT CSHub, Massachussetts Institute of Technology.
  6. Challenge Teams: An Innovative Path to the Future (RT-TC-04; pp. 1–40). (2020). Construction Industry Institute.
  7. Contractor’s Commitment to Sustainable Building Practices, Version 2.0. (2023). BuildingGreen.
  8. Delasalle, F., de Villepin, L., Guillot, T., Lalit, R., Leung, Y., Minson, A., Speelman, E., Ford, M., Vink, W., Chen, Z., Rückel, T., Skinner, B., van Daam, F., & Wesseling, E. (2023). Making Net-Zero Concrete and Cement Possible: An industry-backed, 1.5°C-aligned transition strategy (pp. 1–91). Mission Possible Partnership.
  9. Deloitte. (2023, May 10). Sustainable Construction: Designing and Building a Greener Future. WSJ Pro.
  10. Eurocode: Basis of structural design (EN Eurocodes EN 1990). (2002). European Commission.
  11. Geiker, M. R., Michel, A., Stang, H., & Lepech, M. D. (2019). Limit states for sustainable reinforced concrete structures. Cement and Concrete Research, 122(August 2019), 189–195.
  12. Graser, K., Walzer, A. N., Hunhevicz, J., Jähne, R., Seiler, F., Wüst, R., & Hall, D. M. (2023). Qualitative technology evaluation of digital fabrication with concrete: Conceptual framework and scoreboard. Automation in Construction, 154(October 2023), 104964.
  13. Indianapolis International Airport Runway 5R-23L & Taxiway D Strengthening and Capacity Enhancement Project [Project Award]. (2023, January 4). [Organization]. Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure, Project Awards Directory.
  14. Leemann, A., Winnefeld, F., Münch, B., & Tiefenthaler, J. (2023). Accelerated carbonation of recycled concrete aggregates and its implications for the production of recycling concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 79, 107779.
  15. Minimising Energy in Construction. (n.d.). [Organization]. Minimising Energy in Construction.
  16. Mostert, C., Sameer, H., Glanz, D., & Bringezu, S. (2021). Climate and resource footprint assessment and visualization of recycled concrete for circular economy. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 174, 105767.
  17. Mueller, C. (2023, November 9). Engineering and fabricating optimized concrete structures [Webinar]. MIT CSHub, Massachussetts Institute of Technology.
  18. Nedeljković, M., Kamat, A., Holthuizen, P., Tošić, N., Schlangen, E., & Fennis, S. (2023). Energy consumption of a laboratory jaw crusher during normal and high strength concrete recycling. Minerals Engineering, 204, 108421.
  19. Orr, J. (2018a). Minimising Energy in Construction: Design Uncertainty (EP/P033679/2). MEICON.
  20. Orr, J. (2018b). Minimising Energy in Construction: Survey of Structural Engineering Practice (EP/P033679/2; pp. 1–104). MEICON.
  21. Pasławski, J., & Rudnicki, T. (2021). Agile/Flexible and Lean Management in Ready-Mix Concrete Delivery. Archives of Civil Engineering, 67(1), 689–709.
  22. Pavlů, T., Khanapur, N. V., Fořtová, K., Mariaková, D., Tripathi, B., Chandra, T., & Hájek, P. (2022). Design of Performance-Based Concrete Using Sand Reclaimed from Construction and Demolition Waste–Comparative Study of Czechia and India. Materials, 15(22), Article 22.
  23. Renz, A., & Solas, M. Z. (2016). Shaping the Future of Construction: A Breakthrough in Mindset and Technology (pp. 1–64). World Economic Forum.
  24. Structural Engineering Institute. (n.d.). Program Goals – SE2050 [Organization]. SE2050 : Committing to Net Zero.
  25. Sullivan, E. J., & Chiappe, J. (2014). Comprehensive Transportation Fuel Reduction Policies: A Comparison of Heavy Truck Fuel Efficiency and Rigid Pavement Policies (pp. 1–10). Portland Cement Association, Market Intelligence.
  26. Vesova, L. M., & Churakov, A. A. (2022). Increasing the Energy Efficiency of Buildings. In A. A. Radionov, D. V. Ulrikh, S. S. Timofeeva, V. N. Alekhin, & V. R. Gasiyarov (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Construction, Architecture and Technosphere Safety (pp. 137–146). Springer International Publishing.
  27. Wang, D., Lu, C., Zhu, Z., Zhang, Z., Liu, S., Ji, Y., & Xing, Z. (2023). Mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete in green civil engineering: Review. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 19 (December 2023), e02384.
  28. Wilson, M. L., & Tennis, P. D. (2021). Design and control of concrete mixtures (17th edition). Portland Cement Association.
  29. Zandifaez, P., Asadi Shamsabadi, E., Akbar Nezhad, A., Zhou, H., & Dias-da-Costa, D. (2023). AI-Assisted optimisation of green concrete mixes incorporating recycled concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 391, 131851.
  30. Zhang, C., Hu, M., van der Meide, M., Di Maio, F., Yang, X., Gao, X., Li, K., Zhao, H., & Li, C. (2023). Life cycle assessment of material footprint in recycling: A case of concrete recycling. Waste Management, 155 (January 2023), 311–319.

Last updated: 1/17/2024

Additional References


  1. Abergel, T., Dean, B., & Dulac, J. (2017). Global Status Report 2017 (48 p.). World Green Building Council.
  2. Abergel, T., Dulac, J., Hamilton, I., Jordan, M., Pradeep, A., Dean, B., Delmastro, C., Motherway, B., Slade, M., Nass, N., Otto, M., & Steurer, N. (2019). 2019 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction: Towards a zero-emissions, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector (41 p.). International Energy Agency (IEA).
  3. Adams, M., Collin, C., Burrows, V., Den, X. L., Richardson, S., Riemann, L. O., Drinkwater, J., Porteron, S., Gamboa, C., & Secher, A. Q. (2019). Bringing Embodied Carbon Upfront: Coordinated action for the building and construction sector to tackle embodied carbon. World Green Building Council.
  4. Adolphus, E. D. (2022, July 27). Carbon Capture Technology’s Moment Has Arrived As Climate, Energy Crises Grow: Building a Low Carbon Future Pt 2. ENR: Engineering News Record.
  5. Alsamsam, I. (Ed) M., Lemay, L., & VanGeem, M. G. (2008). Sustainable High Performance Concrete Buildings. Crossing Borders, 1–11.
  6. Black, B, Escapa, E, Mayhew, D, O’Sullivan A, Price, E, Price, K, Shales, D, & Summerbell, D. (2023). Levers of change: Exploring regulatory and commercial factors driving decarbonization in the cement industry (40 p.). Carbon Re.
  7. Brown, J., Thompson, J., Longstreth, B., Graham, J., Jaruzel, M., Nagabhushan, D., Sheff, E., Dombrowski, K., & Jones, C. (2023). Air Pollutant Reductions From Carbon Capture: An Analysis of the Air Quality and Public Health Benefits of Carbon Capture and Storage (16 p.). Clean Air Task Force.
  8. Chatziaras, N., Psomopoulos, C. S., & Themelis, N. J. (2016). Use of waste derived fuels in cement industry: A review. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 27(2), 178–193.
  9. Curth, A., Brodesser, T., Sass, L., & Mueller, C. (2020). Multi-objective optimization of 3D printed shell toolpaths. Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia, 2020(3), 1–13.
  10. Curth, A., Hartwell, A., Brodesser, T., & Mueller, C. (2022). Parametric Waffle Slabs: Optimal Geometry Materialized with Additive Construction. Proceedings of the IASS 2022 Symposium Affiliated with APCS 2022 Conference: Innovation·Sustainability·Legacy, September 19-22, 2022. IASS 2022 Symposium, Beijing, China.
  11. Donovan, I., Schnitzler, J., Lee, K. J., Wongsittikan, P., Liu, Y., & Mueller, C. T. (2023). PixelFrame: A reconfigurable, precast, post-tensioned concrete structural system for a circular building economy. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2600(19), 192007.
  12. Edvardsen, C. & Tølløse, K. (2001). Environmentally “Green” Concrete Structures. FIB Symposium "Concrete and Environment, Berlin, October 3-5, 2001. Concrete and Environment, Berlin.
  13. Feickert, K., & Mueller, C. T. (2023). Thin shell foundations: Quantification of embodied carbon reduction through materially efficient geometry. Architecture, Structures and Construction.
  14. Foraboschi, P., Mercanzin, M., & Trabucco, D. (2014). Sustainable structural design of tall buildings based on embodied energy. Energy and Buildings, 68, 254–269.
  15. Gascón Alvarez, E., Stamler, N. L., Mueller, C. T., & Norford, L. K. (2022). Shape optimization of chilled concrete ceilings – Reduced embodied carbon and enhanced operational performance. Building and Environment, 221, 109330.
  16. Green Concrete. (n.d.).
  17. Hoenig, D. V., & Harrass, R. (2016). Evaluation of the energy performance of cement kilns in the context of co-processing (Technical Report A-2016/1039; 53 p.). European Cement Research Academy (ECRA).
  18. Hou, S., Li, H., & Rezgui, Y. (2015). Ontology-based approach for structural design considering low embodied energy and carbon. Energy and Buildings, 102, 75–90.
  19. Ismail, M. (2023). Beam Shape Explorer [Software, C#]. (Original work published 2020)
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Last updated: 1/17/2024

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